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A ''kalos'' inscription is a form of epigraph found on Attic vases and graffiti in antiquity, mainly during the Classical period from 550 to 450 BC. The word ''kalos'' (καλός) means "beautiful", and in the inscriptions it had an erotic connotation.〔Andrew J. Clark, Maya Elston, and Mary Louise Hart, ''Understanding Greek Vases: A Guide to Terms, Styles, and Techniques'' (Getty Museum, 2002), p. 100.〕 The ''kalos'' inscription is typically found on vessels used for a symposium. The scenes that accompany the inscription vary, and include athletic exercises and myths. Some inscriptions are generic, reading only "the boy is beautiful" (ὅ παῖς καλός).〔Clark, Elston, and Hart, ''Understanding Greek Vases,'' p. 100.〕 The inscription more often took the form of the beloved's name, in the nominative singular, followed by "kalos" (''X kalos'', i.e. "X is beautiful"). The beloved is most often a male youth, but sometimes girls or women were spoken of as ''kalē'' (καλή). In one early cataloging of the inscriptions, among the individuals labeled as beautiful were 30 women and girls, and 528 youths.〔Wilhelm Kroll, "( Knabenliebe )" in Pauly-Wissowa, ''Realencyclopaedie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft,'' vol. 11, cols. 897–906.〕 Male names outnumber female by more than twenty to one. At least some of the women labeled ''kalē'' were ''hetairai'', courtesans or prostitutes.〔Clark, Elston, and Hart, ''Understanding Greek Vases,'' p. 100.〕 The names designated as ''kalos'' are characteristic of aristocratic citizens.〔Clark, Elston, and Hart, ''Understanding Greek Vases,'' p. 100.〕 Some ''kalos'' inscriptions are associated with certain vase painters or pottery workshops. The Antimenes Painter, for instance, is named for the ''kalos'' inscription to Antimenes on his pots, and the Leagros Group pottery workshop is named for the youth Leagros, a widely popular object of ''kalos'' praise.〔Clark, Elston, and Hart, ''Understanding Greek Vases,'' p. 100.〕 These associations suggest a cult of celebrity or a concerted effort by a given youth's family to increase their son's public standing. The purpose of these inscriptions remains uncertain, and many examples may be declarations of love as part of same-sex courtship in Athens.〔Clark, Elston, and Hart, ''Understanding Greek Vases,'' p. 100.〕 In some cases, the inscriptions or vessels may have been made to order. ''Kalos'' names are also found as graffiti on walls, the most abundant example being the find on Thassos of 60 ''kalos'' inscriptions carved on rock dating from the 4th century. The non-epigraphic literary evidence consists of two references in Aristophanes.〔Aristophanes, ''The Acharnians'', line 144; ''The Wasps'', lines 97-99.〕 Both of these instances, however, praise the ''demos'' (the citizenry as a whole) rather than any individual, and suggest the public performance role of the ''kalos'' tag. ==Examples== File:Janiform aryballos Louvre CA987.jpg|Janiform aryballos (520–510 BC) with ''kalos'' inscription File:Euphronios krater side A MET L.2006.10.jpg|Death of Sarpedon, with a ''Leagros kalos'' example (calyx krater, 520–510 BC〔Clark, Elston, and Hart, ''Understanding Greek Vases,'' p. 7.〕 File:Tondo Minotaur London E4 MAN.jpg|Minotaur with generic "the boy is beautiful" inscription (ca. 515 BC) File:Woman laver Met 1986.322.1.jpg|''Kalē'' woman bathing (ca. 500 BC) File:Metropolitan kylix - Man bargaining for sex.jpg|A sexual solicitation (5th century BC), with generic inscription File:Nike youth Met 28.167.jpg|Nike offering a wreath to an athletic victor (460–450 BC) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「kalos inscription」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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